Movie Review Spring Breakers - 921 Words

Sex, underage drinking, drugs, and violence are the new normal if you buy into what the 2013 movie â€Å"Spring Breakers† promotes. While I can acknowledge the attempts of the director trying to make this movie a satirical commentary of college spring break, due to poor artistic decisions and script writing this film instead showcases partying until the point of hospitalization, violence, and the sexualization of young women. The movie Spring Breakers is not only an artistically bland and poorly written movie due to specific conventions and codes by the director but also glorifies illegal and unhealthy behavior in teenagers. The first thing that bothered me about this movie was the blatant use and glorification of drugs and alcohol. In one of the very first scenes a college freshman is shown using marijuana and is shown to be having a fun time with friends. The characters even discuss the prevalence of marijuana use in young adults today and how it should be seen as a posit ive thing. The characters in this movie are also shown drinking excessively and dangerously. At one point a boy is shown who is passed out and covered in his own vomit. Suddenly, he wakes up and takes another sip of his drink while laughing and subsequently passing out again. To me these scenes set the tone for the entire movie. Never once were the ramifications or consequences for this illegal behavior shown or discussed. Instead the characters were continually shown to be having fun while high in theirShow MoreRelatedMovie Review : Spring Breakers2070 Words   |  9 Pages Movie: â€Å"Spring Breakers† I chose the movie â€Å"Spring Breakers†, to illustrate how sexism, rape culture, and sexual assault play an enormous role in society. The movie is about 4 college best friends, Candy (Vanessa Hudgens), Faith (Selena Gomez), Brit (Ashley Benson) and Cotty (Rachel Korine) , who are in need of money so they can go to Florida for their spring-break trip. The girls end up robbing a diner and they head down to Florida. However, the police soon find the group of girls and arrestRead MoreHydraulic Fracking Essay15746 Words   |  63 PagesField, Grant County, Kansas by Stanolind Oil Company (Suchy, 2012). On the Klepper No. 1, about 1,000 gallons of naphthenic-acid and palm oil, also known as napalm, was mixed in a thickened gasoline mixer and injected at 2,400 feet, followed by a gel breaker that was used to stimulate the limestone formation (Willie, 2011). As with the nitroglycerin, the napalm made the process extremely hazardous for the rig workers. The main goal of this â₠¬Å"hydrafrac† was to compare fracking with the acidizing thatRead MoreAdidas Marketing Plan20779 Words   |  84 Pagesathlete†©lifestyle†©is†©running,†©which†©saw†©an†©increase†©in†©sales†©despite†©financial†©trouble†©in†©most†© other†©segments†©(Boyle).†©Ã¢â‚¬ ©This†©is†©due†©partly†©to†©its†©simplicity†©in†©nature,†©which†©is†©supported†©by†© the†©trend†©of†©post†recession†©consumers,†©as†©defined†©by†©the†©Harvard†©Business†©Review†©article†© titled†©Ã¢â‚¬Å"Understanding†©the†©Post†Recession†©Consumer†,†©to†©demand†©a†©return†©to†©simplicity†© (Flatters).†©Ã¢â‚¬ ©One†©possible†©further†©addition†©to†©this†©running†©segment†©could†©beâ € ©a†©line†©of†© 10 minimalist†©running†©shoes,†©or†©shoes†©that†©have†©less†©Ã¢â‚¬Å"frills†Ã¢â‚¬ ©and†©that†©come†©closer†©to†©mimicking†©Read MoreAdidas Marketing Plan20768 Words   |  84 Pagesathlete†©lifestyle†©is†©running,†©which†©saw†©an†©increase†©in†©sales†©despite†©financial†©trouble†©in†©most†© other†©segments†©(Boyle).†©Ã¢â‚¬ ©This†©is†©due†©partly†©to†©its†©simplicity†©in†©nature,†©which†©is†©supported†©by†© the†©trend†©of†©post†recession†©consumers,†©as†©defined†©by†©the†©Harvard†©Business†©Review†©article†© titled†©Ã¢â‚¬Å"Understanding†©the†©Post†Recession†©Consumer†,†©to†©demand†©a†©return†©to†©simplicity†© (Flatters).â₠¬ ©Ã¢â‚¬ ©One†©possible†©further†©addition†©to†©this†©running†©segment†©could†©be†©a†©line†©of†© 10 minimalist†©running†©shoes,†©or†©shoes†©that†©have†©less†©Ã¢â‚¬Å"frills†Ã¢â‚¬ ©and†©that†©come†©closer†©to†©mimicking†©Read MoreWireless Technology Essay16392 Words   |  66 Pagestranslated into 5 (five) letter groups that were transmitted in Morse code and then decoded by a machine using the same settings. Unfortunately, these machines had over 150 000 000 000 000 settings which made the task of decoding for the British code breakers a Herculean one.† (Dubendorf, 2003) During the early parts of the war, the development of the RADAR system was accomplished. A key step in the development of wireless technology was the development of satellite communications. In 1957, PresidentRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pages Employee Involvement 20 How Organizations Involve Employees 20 Employee Involvement Implications for HRM 20 Other HRM Challenges 21 Recession 21 Off Shoring 21 Mergers 22 A Look at Ethics 22 Summary 23 Demonstrating Comprehension: Questions for Review 24 Key Terms 24 HRM Workshop 25 Linking Concepts to Practice: Discussion Questions 25 Developing Diagnostic and Analytical Skills 25 Case 1: Work/Life Balance at Baxter 25 Working with a Team: Understanding Diversity Issues 25 Learning an HRM Skill:Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesPrinciples of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus IndianapolisRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pages....................................................................................................... 5 Examples of Good Reasoning............................................................................................................. 14 Review of Major Points ....................................................................................................................... 17 Glossary .................................................................................................Read MoreCrossing the Chasm76808 Words   |  308 PagesDefine the Battle 7 Launch the Invasion CONCLUSION Getting Beyond the Chasm About the Author Credits About the Publisher Front Cover Preface to the Revised Edition â€Å"Obiwan Kenobi,† says Sir Alec Guinness in the original Star Wars movie— â€Å"Now there’s a name I haven’t heard for a long, long time.† The same might well be said of a number of the companies that served as examples in the original edition of Crossing the Chasm. 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Communication and Managerial Effectiveness †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Communication and Managerial Effectiveness. Answer: Introduction The communication diagnostic tools are important for the purpose of understanding of self-evaluation of communication style of particular individuals (Rosenberg Chopra, 2015). This essay would make use of five diagnostic tools that would help me to understand my own individual communication style. There would be brief literature review based on gaps identified in the personal communication process. The concluding part of the essay would discuss about a strong action plan that would help me to improve my identified communication challenges. The first diagnostic tool used was the Big Five Personality Traits, which is considered as the analysis of the five individual personality parameters (Leutner et al., 2014). The five personality traits include the conscientious, open to experience, extraversion, neuroticism and others. I have scored low in openness in experience, which indicates the fact that I am comfortable in known surroundings only. My score in openness in experience is 48%, which implies that I am impulsive, disorganized and often addicted to different forms of addiction. My score of 45% in extraversion implies that I am an introvert person and I am usually quiet, reserved and deliberate when it comes to communicating with others. My score of 68% in the parameter neuroticism, indicates that I am highly susceptible to negative emotions of fear, sadness guilt and others. The results are shown below (Details given in Appendix 1). Parameters My Score Degree Open to experience 55% Low Conscientious 48% Low Extraversion 45% Low Neuroticism 68% High Table: Big Five Personality Test Results Source: Created by author The second diagnostic tool used was the Willingness to Listen Test, which tests the ability of listening well to the opinions and viewpoints of others in a professional setting (Derwing Munro, 2014). I have scored a low score of 5, which indicates that I have poor listening skills (Details given in Appendix 2). I do not have the capability of practice active listening and hence it creates communication barriers. The third tool used for the purpose of the assignment is the Personal Report of Communication Apprehension, which is a measure of fear or anxiety faced by an individual when interacting with other persons in a professional environment (Neuliep, 2017). The communication apprehension is concerned with the fear of anticipated or real interaction with other groups of people (especially with people of other ethnic, religious or racial groups). I have scored 70 in this test (Details given in Appendix 3), which implies that I have moderate level of communication apprehension. I am not scared to meet and talk with people, neither I am too open to talk to them. The fourth diagnostic tool is the Assertiveness Questionnaires, which tests the behaviours of individuals and the assertive component in the behavior of the people (Warland, McKellar Diaz, 2014). In this test, my score was 56, which implies the fact that I am unable to bring important concerns to public notice (Details given in Appendix 4). At times, I do feel self-assured and hence I do not have issues if someone else knows that I disagree with them. The fifth diagnostic tool used for the purpose of this assignment is Johari Window, which is one of the unique communication tools for understanding the self-awareness of the individuals and the level of disclosure to other individuals (Saxena, 2015). There are four quadrants which are the open area, blind area, hidden area and the unknown area. I have a small open area (faade) and a large unknown area (Details given on Appendix 5). This implies that I have many characteristics which are not known to me as well as they are not known to other also. Two main issues in Communication The above analysis helped me to identify two major communication challenges that I have identified. I am introvert, which has been reflected by the test results of Big 5 personality tests. I am unable to share my feelings with the outside world and hence I am unable to receive adequate attention from others. I am unable to communicate my feelings well with the people and hence I am often misunderstood or left out. I am also having poor listening skills, which is detrimental for my professional life. I am unable to concentrate on a speech for a long time and hence lose track of the same. I engage in passive listening skills, which often makes me land in trouble, especially in tough corporate scenarios. I realized that I actually possess the identified communication challenges as I have two incidents in practical life. During my induction period, I was unable to mix with anyone and this introvert attitude prevented me from making good professional contacts. I was not being able to be a part of the group and hence I felt that I somewhere lacked the confidence of being a part of the team and the organization at large. My introvert attitude has prevented me from getting accepted in my friends circle as well as my professional field. I have felt that there are times in my professional endeavor when my reserved attitude has given me adequate losses. When I was sent to an on-site task, I had one meeting in the client office. I was engaging in a one-to one discussion with my client, when I started distracting myself and slowly my thoughts engulfed my mind. I found it difficult to keep track of the conversation and this was well understood by my client. I was embarrassed by my behavior and I asked some stupid questions, the answers of which was already shared by the client. I repented my actions and this incident gave me negative impression. After this incident, I was determined that I need to overcome my communication challenges so that it might not endanger my future professional meetings. As opined by Zelenski, Sobocko and Whelan (2014), the introversion is concerned with the chronic under stimulation of the individuals in which there is reduced social activity and there is lack of social circle. The introvert individuals are characterized by their timid, reserved and quiet approach in which there is lesser interaction with other members of the society. One of the most important features of the introvert individuals is that they have increased instances of solitude (Zelenski, Sobocko Whelan 2014). They tend to spend more time on activities in which there is least interaction with the other people. They are often apprehensive about interacting with other people and they wish to seek their own company. These types of individuals have less interaction with the outside society and they tend to create their own small world. However, McIntyre, Wiener and Saliba (2015) argued that the introverts are happier in certain culture which does not display individualistic character istics. This is because of the fact in such cultures; the society does not expect them to act in a manner, which is displayed by the extraverts (Malik Zamir, 2014). This makes the individuals who are introverts to behave in a particular manner, in which they feel most comfortable. Malik and Zamir (2014) stated that the Jungs theory of Introvert/Extrovert personalities deals with the different personalities and the pattern of thoughts of the people which make them unique. The theory specifies the fact the random behavior of the individuals is concerned with the differences between individuals which can be attributed to their mental capabilities. The theory is successful in the identification of the feelings and the thoughts of the individuals (Malik Zamir, 2014). Jung has defined introverts as the persons who feel more comfortable by living alone and being secluded by the rest of the organizations (Malik Zamir, 2014). This kind of individuals is immersed in their own specific world and they often lose the touch of the contact with the outside world (Malik Zamir, 2014). On the other hand, the extroverts are considered as the persons who are actively engaged in communication with the outside world and they are aware of the things that are happening around them (Malik Zamir, 2014). Jung also observed that every individual possess a unique combination of the qualities of the introverts as well as extroverts. As commented by Ambrozov et al. (2016), the quality of introversion is good in some aspects but it looked down as a negative thing in the organizational context. This is because of the fact that the introverts are often misunderstood by other people of the society (Davidson, Gillies Pelletier, 2015). They are often considered as antisocial, unfriendly and people who have great deal of attitudes (Sus?ow et al., 2015). They are often perceived as least interested in certain aspects, which is detrimental for their professional performance. In a professional environment, if there are individuals who display more characteristics of introverts, then he or she is being considered as the aloof or having less capability (Sus?ow et al., 2015). In such instances, the extroverts are being given more credibility and they are being assumed as the more powerful performer. Bodie et al. (2015) has viewed active listening as one of the most important component for the building of strong relationships and success in professional lives. The managers should be equipped with updated information, which would help them to engage in judicious decision making (Day Burbach, 2015). This would not be possible without practicing the art of active listening. The art of listening as well as responding to the opinions of another person so that there is an improvement in the mutual understanding is known as active listening (Weger et al., 2014). This is one of the most attentive listening in which there is focus and concentration and there is not merely hearing of the original message. The process of active listening is concerned with a deliberate effort of combining effort, empathy, attention and others (Bodie et al., 2015). Individuals need to practice the art of active listening rather than engaging in the process of passive listening. The art of becoming an effecti ve listener requires patience and perseverance, which needs to be incorporated over time (Katzenbach Smith, 2015). This would automatically increase the team cohesion and there would be an increase in the organizational productivity (Katzenbach Smith, 2015). This is because of the fact that the if the employees are listening to each other in a more active manner, then there would be the transmission of accurate information, which would make increase the team efficiency (Conrad, 2014). There is no doubt that active listening is directly proportional to the fulfillment of the organizational goals. As argued by Purdy and Manning (2015), active listening can be attributed to the various factors and it is extremely important when there are multicultural interactions. The active listening enhances the cultural interactions and it is often shaped by the different cultural practices as well as cultural values. There are varied cultures of the world and hence the people of one culture may actively participate in listening and acknowledging the preferences of other cultures. This focus is being framed by the theoretical as well as philosophical aspect and the intercultural background (Purdy Manning, 2015). There are various kinds of miscommunications and misunderstandings that take place in the multicultural work cultures of the multicultural companies, which can be effectively solved with the help of active listening process (Liu, Volcic Gallois, 2014). There are often issues with the transparency levels in the organization and this constitutes several grievances of the employees, which can be solved well by the active listening process. As opined by Olsen (2014), the listening process can be used successfully to reduce the instances of workplace bullying. The victims would be sharing their stories with the concerned authorities and the HR department should engage in active listening process, so that the real issue can be handled well. The active listening process would also ensure that the employees are being heard and this would automatically decrease the attrition level of the employees. I have learnt that it is important to overcome my communication challenges so that I can have professional excellence. I want to gain success in life and I have understood the fact that if I possess communication shortcomings, I am not going to achieve professional success. I have learnt that I need to follow an action plan, which would help me to overcome the communication challenges, within a period of time. I should take an active part in incorporating some qualities of an extrovert person. This can be done by the following action steps- Speak loudly when I am in a group so that I am being heard Expand my social circle, so that I can get rid of the fear of communicating with others Join public speaking club or poetry sessions, in which I would be able to share my ideas with the audience Cut short the time that is being spent alone Spent more time with friends, families and close persons and maintain transparent channels of communication with them I should also try to improve my listening skills so that it is possible to enhance the possibilities of active listening. The following steps should be taken in this regard- Maintain eye contact with the audience and the person with whom I am communicating Facing the speaker would help me to concentrate on his talks well Maintaining proper body postures also helps the brain to be more receptive Avoid interrupting others middle way and let them complete their lines Join social club for having more interactions with the people Engage in debate competitions Activities Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Speak loudly Expand my social circle Join public speaking club Cut short alone time Spent more time with friends, families and close persons Maintain eye contact with the audience Facing the speaker Maintaining proper body postures Avoid interrupting others middle way Join social club Engage in debate competition Fig: Gant Chart of action plan Source: Created by author References Ambrozov, E., Kole?k, J., Ullrich, D., Pokorn, V. (2016). Effectiveness of competent decision making of professional managers in the context of the modern corporate environment and its requirements for the quality of their skills. Inof the 9th International Conference(p. 6). Bodie, G. D., Vickery, A. J., Cannava, K., Jones, S. M. (2015). The role of active listening in informal helping conversations: Impact on perceptions of listener helpfulness, sensitivity, and supportiveness and discloser emotional improvement.Western Journal of Communication,79(2), 151-173. Conrad, D. (2014). Workplace communication problems: Inquiries by employees and applicable solutions.Journal of business studies quarterly,5(4), 105. Davidson, B., Gillies, R. A., Pelletier, A. L. (2015). Introversion and medical student education: Challenges for both students and educators.Teaching and learning in medicine,27(1), 99-104. Day, F. C., Burbach, M. E. (2015). Does organization sector matter in leading teleworker teams? A comparative case study.International Journal of Business Research and Development,3(4). Derwing, T. M., Munro, M. J. (2014). 10 Training Native Speakers to Listen to L2 Speech.Social dynamics in second language accent,10, 219. Katzenbach, J. R., Smith, D. K. (2015).The wisdom of teams: Creating the high-performance organization. Harvard Business Review Press. Leutner, F., Ahmetoglu, G., Akhtar, R., Chamorro-Premuzic, T. (2014). The relationship between the entrepreneurial personality and the Big Five personality traits.Personality and individual differences,63, 58-63. Liu, S., Volcic, Z., Gallois, C. (2014).Introducing intercultural communication: Global cultures and contexts. Sage. Malik, M. A., Zamir, S. (2014). The relationship between Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and emotional intelligence among university students.Journal of Education and Practice,5(10), 35-42. McIntyre, E., Wiener, K. K., Saliba, A. J. (2015). Compulsive Internet use and relations between social connectedness, and introversion.Computers in Human Behavior,48, 569-574. Neuliep, J.W., 2017.Intercultural communication: A contextual approach. Sage Publications. Olsen, H. (2014). Beyond Definition: Moving towards effective interventions that stop workplace bullying.New Zealand Journal of Human Resources Management,14(2). Purdy, M. W., Manning, L. M. (2015). Listening in the multicultural workplace: A dialogue of theory and practice.International Journal of Listening,29(1), 1-11. Rosenberg, M., Chopra, D. (2015).Nonviolent Communication: A Language of Life: Life-Changing Tools for Healthy Relationships. PuddleDancer Press. Saxena, P. (2015). JOHARI WINDOW: An Effective Model for Improving Interpersonal Communication and Managerial Effectiveness.SIT Journal of Management,5(2), 134-146. Sus?ow, W., Kowalczyk, J., Boi?ska, M., Nowak, J., Statkiewicz, M. (2015). Psychosocial correlates of software designers' professional aptitude.International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications (IJACSA),6(8), 201-208. Warland, J., McKellar, L., Diaz, M. (2014). Assertiveness training for undergraduate midwifery students.Nurse education in practice,14(6), 752-756. Weger Jr, H., Castle Bell, G., Minei, E. M., Robinson, M. C. (2014). The relative effectiveness of active listening in initial interactions.International Journal of Listening,28(1), 13-31. Zelenski, J. M., Sobocko, K., Whelan, D. C. (2014). Introversion, solitude, and subjective well-being.The handbook of solitude: Psychological perspectives on social isolation, social withdrawal, and being alone, 184-201.

Multigenre Research Project Essays - Narratology, Writing, Knowledge

Multigenre Research Project Purpose: To use a mix of academic, trade, and popular sources to create a coherent "argument" about your topic and to use critical thinking skills and methods of inquiry to find appropriate research to support your argument. Refer to chapters about research in Norton. Audience: Your paper should be geared toward an academic audience. Genre: You will be able to choose three of the five genres. You must use one genre of exposition and one visual. Stance: Your stance is one that is informed, formal, and one that is making an argument. Media/Design: You will be able to manipulate media and design to suite your purpose and genre. The guidelines apply to a typed paper (page length); however, you may choose to do a multi-media paper which would either be in the form of a web-page or a Power Point presentation. The text in these choices should be equivalent to ten double spaced pages. The multi-media project would also have academic exposition as well as visuals. What is a multi-genre essay? It's a collection of pieces written in a variety of genres, informed by your research on a particular subject, that presents one or (more likely) more perspectives on a research question or topic. A multi-genre paper is personal, creative, and can't be copied from some other source. It involves you, as a writer, making conscious decisions about what information is important and how it should be presented to the reader. (from http://www.sheboyganfalls.k12.wi.us/cyberenglish9/multi_genre/ multigenre.htm #Types%20of%20Genres:) Why use more than one genre? There are ideas and perspectives that cannot be achieved through a linear expository paper. Consequently, when one uses more than one genre, more of the research found can be shared. A multigenre project is a compilation of research on a given topic presented in a way that is specific to the writer. We will talk about a number of different genres and we will look at examples of multigenre papers. These papers also mix academic writing and less formal writing together giving you a way to bridge yourself into "academic-ease." The Assignment Process: 1) Pick a topic that interests you. Narrow it down and create a guiding research question(s). Example: Topic: Harlem Renaissance Research question: How did the writer's of the Harlem Renaissance shape the movement? 2) Start researching your topic. You want to find information that highlights what you think you want to say or that gives you a starting point. You may choose to do a project that is informative (i.e. states the facts, but is trying to answer some sort of research question) or you may choose to do a project that is persuasive in nature (i.e. it is still researched, but it has a more obvious bias). An example of the first choice is like the one given above. An example of the second choice would be to research an issue that is sided and to focus on one side of the issue. 3) Begin to put your research into different genres. Your topic will lend itself to specific genres. For example, if I were to write about the writers of the Harlem Renaissance, I might use poetry or another creative genre to present some of the information about the writers. The Assignment: Format - . Page length: 10 pages, not including title page, Table of Contents or Works Cited page. . Number of genres: at least five different genres, one must be expository prose (at least 3 pages) and one must be visual. . The paper must have a repetend (defined below). . The paper must have ten sources, four of which must be scholarly. . The paper must have a title page and the title should be a significant clue about what the paper is about; there is no page number on this page. . The paper must have a Table of Contents where genres are listed with their corresponding pages. . The paper must have a Preface of at least 150 words that clues the reader in to what you are going to be presenting. A preface is similar to an abstract. Essentially the preface summarizes your paper briefly to allow the reader to begin reading with more clarity. . The paper must have a Works Cited page and the sources must be cited in MLA format including in text citations. . The paper must have page numbers in the upper right hand corner. On page one, there is a number one. On the following pages, including the Works Cited page, there is

Constitutional Law essays

Constitutional Law essays The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution protects the privacy interest of citizens from unlawful governmental intrusion or unreasonable search and seizure by the government and accomplishes this by barring any evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendments protection from use at trial. THE FOURTH AMENDMENT to the U.S. Constitution reads: "The right of the people to be secure in their persons, house, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized." Like other amendments that constitute the Bill of Rights, it was written and ratified to protect the citizenry against overweening government, but none of those amendments is self-enforcing. Much of the debate surrounding the enforcement of the Fourth Amendment has focused on the so-called exclusionary ruleon whether it is wise or constitutionally necessary. Under that rule, evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment is ordinarily inadmissible in a criminal trial. A quick example will illustrate how the rule operates. If a policeman got a tip that a particular person was a drug dealer, the officer might launch an investigation to determine if the allegation was true. However, if he decided to break into the suspect's home without a search warrant, his effort would be for naught. Even if the officer found drugs on the kitchen table, that evidence would be useless because the suspect's attorney could demand that the trial judge bar its admission as being illegally obtained. Without that evidence, prosecutors would be unable to prove a crime had occurred. Conservatives often oppose the exclusionary rule as not grounded in the Constitution, not a deterrent to police misconduct, and not helpful in the search for truth in crimina...

AP Calculus BC Score and Course Credit Guide

AP Calculus BC Score and Course Credit Guide Of all the Advanced Placement courses a high school student can take, AP Calculus BC is probably the one that will most impress colleges. Nearly all colleges and universities will offer college credit for a high score on the exam. This includes top engineering schools such as MIT, Stanford, and Georgia Tech. About the AP Calculus BC Exam The AP Calculus BC exam covers topics such as functions, graphs, limits, derivatives and integrals. Unlike the Calculus AB exam, it also covers  parametric, polar, and vector functions. Because the BC exam covers more material than the AB test, it often offers students higher course placement, more course credit, and greater acceptance at colleges with rigorous math programs. Most colleges and universities have a math or quantitative reasoning requirement, so a high score on the AP Calculus BC exam will often fulfill this requirement. But the exam is more difficult, and in 2018 just 139,376 students took the BC exam. By comparison, 308,538 students took the Calculus AB exam. Youll notice, however, that the average scores on the BC exam tend to be higher than those on the AB exam. Dont be fooled into thinking this means the BC exam is easier or has a more forgiving grading standard. The reality is that the scores are higher because the students who take the BC exam tend to come from schools with strong math programs. The comparison of BC and AB exam takers is fairly easy, for the College Board released AB subscores for students who take the BC exam (the content of the AB exam is part of the BC exam). In 2018, the mean score for students taking the Calculus AB exam was a 2.94. The mean AB subscore for students taking the BC exam was a 3.97. AP Calculus BC Score Information The AP Calculus BC exam tends to be taken by very strong students, so the scores are higher than most other AP exams. In 2018, 79.8% of test-takers scored a 3 or higher indicating that they might qualify for college credit. The mean was a 3.8, and scores were distributed as follows: AP Calculus BC Score Percentiles (2018 Data) Score Number of Students Percentage of Students 5 56,324 40.4 4 25,982 18.6 3 28,891 20.7 2 20,349 14.6 1 7,830 5.6 To learn more specific information about the AP Calculus BC exam, be sure to visit the official College Board website. AP Calculus BC College Course Placement The table below presents some representative data from a variety of colleges and universities. This information is meant to provide a general overview of the scoring and placement practices related to the AP Calculus BC exam. Youll want to contact the appropriate Registrars office to get AP placement information for a particular college, and the placement information can change from year to year. AP Calculus BC Scores and Placement College Score Needed Placement Credit Georgia Tech 3, 4 or 5 MATH 1501 (4 semester hours) Grinnell College 3, 4 or 5 4 semester credits; MAT 123, 124, 131; 4 additional credits are possible for a 4 or 5 LSU 3, 4 or 5 MATH 1550 (5 credits) for a 3; MATH 1550 and 1552 (9 credits) for a 4 or 5 MIT 4 or 5 18.01, Calculus I (12 units) Mississippi State University 3, 4 or 5 MA 1713 (3 credits) for a 3; MA 1713 and 1723 (6 credits) for a 4 or 5 Notre Dame 3, 4 or 5 Mathematics 10250 (3 credits) for a 3; Mathematics 10550 and 10560 (8 credits) for a 4 or 5 Reed College 4 or 5 1 credit; placement determined in consultation with the faculty Stanford University 3, 4 or 5 MATH 42 (5 quarter units) for a 3; MATH 51 (10 quarter units) for a 4 or 5 Truman State University 3, 4 or 5 MATH 198 Analytic Geometry Calculus I and MATH 263 Analytic Geometry Calculus II (10 credits) UCLA (School of Letters and Science) 3, 4 or 5 8 credits and Calculus for a 3; 8 credits and MATH 31A and Calculus for a 4; 8 credits and MATH 31A and 31B for a 5 Yale University 4 or 5 1 credit for a 4; 2 credits for a 5 A Final Word about AP Calculus BC AP classes are important in the college admissions process, and Calculus BC is one of the best AP subjects you can take. Many students struggle in math, and if you are successful in this AP class, you are showing that you are well prepared for the challenges of college-level mathematics. The course is a particularly good choice for students planning to enter engineering, science, and business fields.

Designing Networking (WAN) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Designing Networking (WAN) - Essay Example To transfer a 972.222kb data in less than two minutes we can have an Internet connection which has an upload speed of 32kbps. If we take 256 kbps of access speed connectivity then down load would be 256 divided by 4 and upload would be 256 divided by 8. These are standard calculation to choose an Internet connection. If continuous connectivity is required then we can choose DSL connectivity or else a dial up connectivity would be sufficient. A 256kbps dial up connectivity can upload 32 kb per second that is equal to 1920 kb per minute which is 3840kb i.e 3.75mb for two minutes which exceeds our requirement. This type of connectivity is ideal for Fargo to Denver. For a link to this configuration we need a DS3 dedicated link which can support a 45mb per second. This is the most ideal line type for the given data transfer. To have a DS3 link we need to have a multiplexer, router and a switch. Switch = Cisco catalyst 4605 which can support more than 200 users. A 45 mbps dedicated link would be the cheapest and reliable line type from Minneapolis to Denver which does not need an Internet connection. This connectivity is called a tie line. The same can be used for even voice connectivity from Denver to Minneapolis. For the St.Louis to Denver connectivity a 256 kpbs dial up connectivity would be an ideal line type. Since only a 100 kbps data transfer is needed. Dial up is advised since the connectivity needed is intermittent. The Nortel multiplexer is connected to a Cisco router and from there a Cisco switch is connected. From the switch we can many interfaces. Fargo and St.Louis connect to the main office through Internet. Only Minneapolis connect to Denver using a DS3 45 MBPS dedicated link. Nortel 7480 multiplexer WAN diagram showing four location connectivity Data transfer calculations for St.Louis. 100kb = 100/1024 = 0.09mb. a 256 kbps dial up would far exceed the 100 kbps requirement. Reference Development Gateway. (2006) Information and Communication Technologies for Development. [online]. Available from: http://topics.developmentgateway.org/ict. [Accessed 6 Dec. 2006]. Frost. (2006) Growth Partnership Service: Information and Communication Technologies. [online]. Available from: http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/svcg.pag/IT00. [Accessed 6 Dec. 2006]. Chumbley, Lloyd. (n.d.) E-technology. [online]. Available from: http://www.megaessays.com/viewpaper/61504.html. [Accessed 6 Dec.

Globalisation, the World Economy,MNEs and Emerging markets Essay

Globalisation, the World Economy,MNEs and Emerging markets - Essay Example The policymakers influenced the regulatory regime under which both MNCs and local business partners operate. They focused in understanding how operation of multinational firms affects the economic development and nationwide wellbeing. The anticipation that FDI will benefit the local economy has motivated many governments to present striking incentive packages to attract investors. The underlying principle was that the social repayment of incoming FDI would surpass the personal benefits of FDI and investors would take into account only the latter when deciding over investment locations. The policy debate requires scientific evidence on how and to what extent, FDI will impact the local surroundings. The impact of MNCs on host countries was still not well understood, despite having the policy relevance. (Bhagwati, 2004; Bartlett et al. 2004) This paper will take into account one particular emerging economy and find out the factors that play crucial role in attracting MNCs towards it. Fo r this paper China has been chosen. Key factors that make the emerging market attractive to MNEs: China has a number of advantages that are country specific and are believed to be the major factors that work behind attracting FDI to the country. According to the researchers (Swain and Wang, 1995, Liu et al, 1997, Zhang, 2002) the factors that make the emerging market attractive to MNEs identified by FDI theories can be classified into three categories – Micro, Macro and Strategic factors The Micro factors relate to the advantages related to ownership of including product differentiation and the firm size. The Macro factors stress on the market dimension and the expansion of the host country, which is determined by GDP, GDP per capita, GNP or GNP per capita, as rapid economic expansion may generate large home markets and businesses. Other macro factors are taxes, political risk, rates of exchange, and so on. (Dicken, 2007) The Strategic factors relate to long-term determinants such as efforts to protect existing foreign markets, to spread out activities of firms, to uphold a grip in the host nation and to balance another type of investment. Since 1980, the GDP of China has grown between 8-9% per year. Researches were evident that the market size determined by GDP, GDP per capita, GNP, or GNP per capita has a major consequence on inward FDI. Speedy economic augmentation has created huge domestic markets and business prospects for foreign firms to invest in China. Swain and Zhang (1997) analyzed the data of FDI in China for the period of 1978-92 and have used GDP and real GDP growth rate. Liu et al (1997) using GDP, GDP growth, wages, reached to the conclusion that the size of market s the fourth most significant economic determinant for the pledged FDI in China. Their empirical results showed that the rate of growth of real GDP was significantly related to attracting MNEs in China. The direct and positive relationship between market size and inward FDI is also found by Zhang (2000) and Wei and Liu (2001) who showed that both US and Hong Kong MNEs were attracted by the large market size of China. This reflected the market-seeking motive of foreign firms to shift their focus from mainly export-oriented investments towards the Chinese markets. Therefore, most results of the empirical researches agreed with each other that market size was

Employee Motivation Programs Essay Example for Free

Employee Motivation Programs Essay Keep your workers inspired by utilizing an employee motivation program inShare Your company can benefit by employee motivation. Its important to reward your staff for their hard work through recognition, special privileges or gifts. An employee motivation program shows your staff that your company cares about their success. Motivate your staff and their production will exceed expectations. Increase production and employee satisfaction as your business implements workforce motivation. Employee motivation techniques create the foundation that keeps your workforce happy and productive. Encourage teamwork, which improves your companys success as well as staff motivation. A supportive work atmosphere leads to positive motivation for employees and improves morale. Enjoy workers in the company who have a great attitude and are an example for new staff member joining the organization. Motivating employees can come in many forms. Here are a few ideas to get you started: 1. Consider an employee motivational training program. 2. Use employee motivational articles and other materials to inspire your workers. 3. Give your gifts as an incentive to increase staff motivation. Implement a training program to increase employee’s motivation Training programs use employee motivation theories to offer the best classes and training tools for your company. Some of the most successful companies in the world use training programs for worker motivation. Try: Dale Carnegie Training is a well-established company that understands the benefits of business employee motivation. Training Camp has on-site training as well as an online computer course. Inspire your crew with employee motivation articles and posters The use of visual aids changes how employees view their success. Weve all seen the motivational posters and articles but these can be more beneficial than you might think. The use of attractive and eye-catching materials that cover encouragement, innovation, leadership and make it happen, are subjects used for motivational posters. Try: Successories has an unlimited amount of motivational posters ranging in any subject. Future Think has motivational materials that guide you on how to recognize and reward innovation. Create worker motivation with incentives Employees love rewards for hard work and a wonderful motivational tool is gift incentives. Your staff will strive to do their best and it challenges them to improve productivity through friendly competition and recognition for a job well done. Try: Swift Prepaid Solutions offers prepaid gift cards that you can use to incite your employees to achieve certain goals. You can use them for the best sales or a job well done. Circuit City has a program where you can hand out gift cards to your deserving employees. †¢Employees need to feel encouragement and motivational techniques can achieve the goal of motivating employees on a daily basis. †¢Use an employee motivation survey to gage the morale of your workforce. Ask the staff to indicate what motivates them. Basic choices include recognition, monetary rewards and special privileges.

Media Equation Essay -- essays research papers fc

The media equation is a theory developed by two professors of communication, Byron Reeves and Clifford Nass, at Stanford University. The theory is simple. They state that people treat the media as if they were real, hence the equation: media = real life. Basically Reeves and Nass are saying that people on an unconscious level perceive the media as real. People view objects of the media are talking to them personally. Reeves and Nass view things such as computers, televisions, radios, and other media’s as inanimate objects. They don’t believe that these objects are about to get up and move as if they were alive, but that the objects that relay the media are reacted to as though they were alive.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Reeves and Nass credit the slow pace of evolution as the reason that the human race responds socially and naturally to the media: â€Å"The Human brain evolved in a world in which only humans exhibited rich social behaviors, and a world in which all perceived objects were real physical objects. Anything that seemed to be a real person or place was real.† So we haven’t yet adapted to the twentieth century media that only depict images, but which themselves personify the characteristics of human actors.† (Griffin, pages 375-376)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To prove their theory Reeves and Nass held experiments. One is an experiment that they did with television. They gathered a group of students to participate. â€Å"The goal of the study was to show that responses to television content could be changed when the television sets were assigned particular roles.† (Reeves and Nass, page 122). They took two groups of students and gave them specific tasks. The first group was to watch two separate televisions, called specialist TVs. One TV was identified as â€Å"News† and the other one was identified as â€Å"Entertainment†. For each TV the participants wee in different chairs. The other group was to watch one TV with both news and entertainment, called generalist TVs. The TV was labeled â€Å"News and Entertainment†. The students who watched the specialist TV said the news was more important and the entertainment was more interesting than the ones who watched the generalists TVs. â€Å"Consistent with the hypothesis that specialist TVs provide more representative content than do generalist TVs.† (Reeves and Nass, page 135)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The other exper... ...fore, with all the qualifications met for a good theory I would say it is safe to say that this is a very good theory. Bibliography 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Geiger, Seth; Reeves, Byron. â€Å"The Effects of Scene Changes and Semantic Relatedness.† Communication Research Vol. 20 April 1993: pages 155-171. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Griffin, Em. Communication, A First Look At Communication Theory. San Diego: McGraw-Hill, 2000. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Leshner, Glenn; Reeves, Byron; et al. â€Å"Switching Channels: The Effects of Television Channels on the Mental Representation of Television.† Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media Vol. 42 Winter 1998: pages 21-33. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Moon, Youngme; Nass, Clifford. â€Å"How ‘Real† Are Computer Personalities?† Communication Research Vol. 23 December 1996: pages 651-670. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nass, Clifford; Reeves, Byron; Leshner, Glen. â€Å"Technology and Roles: A Tale of Two TVs.† Journal of Communication Vol. 24: pages 122-136. 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nass, Clifford; Sundar, Shyam S. â€Å"Is Human-Computer Interaction Social or Parasocial?† Human Communication Research August 17, 1994: 114-126.

Prostate Cancer

PROSTATE cancer (PCa) is one of the biggest threats to men’s health. It tends to develop in men over the age of fifty and is considered as one of the most common cancers among males around the globe. It is estimated that prostate cancer kills one man almost every 19 minutes while a new case is detected every two and a half minutes. According to the Philippine Cancer Society Inc. ’s (PCSI) population-based cancer registry, 10 men out of 100,000 will suffer from prostate cancer. In recent years, this statistic has translated to an estimated 4,254 prostate cancer patients in the Philippines.Sadly, most of them are unaware of the symptoms of how they can be tested for it or of how the disease can be treated. This is unfortunate because – like most cancers – the earlier prostate cancer is diagnosed, the greater the chances of it being successfully treated. With this alarming number of prostate cancer patients, June has been declared as Prostate Cancer Awareness Month. It is a month dedicated for men to be made aware that â€Å"the silent-killer† doesn’t really have to kill. If they know about it, they can win against it.Prostate cancer is a form of cancer that develops in the prostate, an accessory sex gland in the male reproductive system. Most prostate cancers are slow growing, but some can be very aggressive. Prostate cancer may cause pain, difficulty in urination, problems during sexual intercourse, or, even, erectile dysfunction. But, more commonly, it may not produce any symptoms at all until the later stages. Many factors, including genetics and diet, have been implicated in the development of prostate cancer.Diagnosing it is facilitated by 2 main tests: the DRE or Digital Rectal Exam – which can be performed in the clinic by the urologist and the PSA or Prostate Specific Antigen – a blood exam which is done in most labs. At times, it may become necessary to have a transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) of the pr ostate done. May mga screening tests gaya ng pagkapa ng doktor sa prostata sa Digital Rectal Exam (DRE)  o ang pagsusuri sa dugo ng Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA). Ito'y maaaring gawin bawat 1-2 taon mula sa edad 40.Magpatingin sa doktor para sa anumang sintomas ng pag-ihi gaya ng balisawsaw na hindi nawawala, parang may natitirang ihi sa pantog, pag-ihi ng dugo, pagtitibi at pamamayat. The Prostate Cancer Awareness Month June 15, 2012, 10:28pm MANILA, Philippines — Recognizing that prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer affecting the male population of the world, Prostate Cancer Awareness Month is celebrated in many countries around the globe to heighten awareness of the disease which affects 250,000 and which causes one death every hour.In the Philippines, June of every year is celebrated as Prostate Cancer Awareness Month. Prostate cancer occurs when the cells of the prostate – a small, walnut-shaped gland found below the bladder – mutate into c ancer cells. These cells may spread from the prostate to other parts of the body, such as the lymph nodes and the bones. While the exact cause of prostate cancer remains unknown, a number of risk factors have been identified, including age, family history, diet, infection, and inflammation of the prostate.Men who eat a lot of red meat or high-fat dairy products, and eat fewer fruits and vegetables are most like to get the disease. Nine out of 10 adults are unaware that cancer of the prostate can develop slowly, unnoticed. Men with early stages of prostate cancer seldom experience symptoms; these manifest after several years when the cancer is large enough to put pressure on the urethra (the tube that drains urine from the bladder).Some of the symptoms are: Difficulty and pain in passing urine; passing urine more frequent than usual, especially at night; traces of blood in the urine; and erectile dysfunction. Early last year, the House of Representatives transmitted to the Senate Hou se Bill 590 (Prostate Cancer Public Awareness Act) calling for the creation of a public education program on killer diseases, including prostate cancer and other leading types of cancer.Males aged 40 and above are encouraged to undergo regular physical examinations for prostate cancer and other types of cancer. Let us also encourage male members of our families and households to have a regular and thorough physical examination especially when they reach the age 40, as early detection of prostate cancer will enable them to immediately seek appropriate medical treatment.Relevant government and private institutions would do well to intensify research efforts to better understand the disease, and achieve breakthroughs in terms of prevention and cure. CONGRATULATIONS! prostate cancer now ranks as the 6th most common cancer in the Philippines, the 4th most common cancer among males? Kanser sa baga (Lung cancer) Kanser sa atay (liver cancer) Kanser sa prostata (prostate cancer) Kanser sa b ituka (colon cancer)

Fita Analyzation

I. Narrative structure â€Å"YES OR OO†, which is the word that would love the guy to hear from the girl he is courting, but there are times that the girls, means this in a more different way. And that’s what FITA commercial wants to show us with the use of their product. The story of the FITA commercial is about a suitor who doesn’t figure out that the girl he is courting, answered him already. And the story goes like this. . . The guy (suitor) fetched Claris, the girl he is courting in the gymnasium. He grabbed the bag of Claris and put it on his back, Claris saw the FITA biscuit in the pocket of her bag then she grabbed and opened it. While they are walking inside the gym, the guy started to whine over Claris and told her that he’s courting her for about 2 years and yet there’s nothing happened with their relationshipand said â€Å"kailan ko ba maririnig ang matamis mong oo? †The guy look back at Claris then she raised a two pieces of FITA biscuit in her hands while smiling at him and finally decide to accept the guys love thru showing him the biscuit, depicting OO, or YES. The guy just grabbed the piece of FITA and jut ate it and said that â€Å"naghihintay na lng ba ko sa wala? † So Claris frowned and just ate the FITA she’s holding. The commercial is a dramatic comedy in a way that when the guy didn’t get what Claris means by showing the 2 pieces of FITA. II. Characters â€Å"The next hottest love team in town† That’s what the 2 main characters in the commercial wants to portray. The leading man is the suitor named Arran Sese in real life that is good looking, stands 5’9†w /white complexion and a dark brown hair. In the commercial, he is a college student that’s somewhat 18 to 20 yrs. ld and he’s voice is natural and there’s no something strange about it but he speaks very well specially when he whined with Claris, acts as the leading lady, named Amanda Lapus in real life with an angelic face who stands 5’7†w/ a white complexion and a black shiny hair. Again in the comm ercial, Claris is the girl who is being courted by the guy. They did not directly advertise the product by saying that people should buy FITA; instead, they used it as props in the commercial. They help sell the products by showing humility that remarks in the mind of the viewers of what the guy did, that he didn’t get that Claris already means yes.

Response to Cyrano de Bergerac and to the movies Cyrano de Bergerac and Roxanne essays

Response to Cyrano de Bergerac and to the movies Cyrano de Bergerac and Roxanne essays The author of Cyrano de Bergerac is Edmond Rostand. Edmond Rostand was born on April 1, 1868 in Marseille, France. He was obsessed with literature in general, but was especially interested in theater. His first drama was called The Romantics, then Cyrano de Bergerac, Chantecler, and The Last Night of Don Juan. Cyrano de Bergerac was his greatest work and accomplishment, the first production was on December 28, 1897. Edmond died on December 2, 1918. He was a French poet and dramatist who wrote for 30 years. I liked Cyrano e Bergerac, but it was a sad story. I liked watching the movie Roxanne. It was in English and in color, I also understood the plot since I read the book. I didn't like watching the French version with subtitles because I don't take French, so I didn't understand it. It was hard to watch what was going on, listen to the tone of the voices, and read the subtitles at the same time. Sometimes I got lost or didn't know how the lines were expressed. For instance, whether the person was sad, happy, or mad. I also like to be able to just watch a movie, when they are in English you don't have to hang on each word or read what they just said. It's not the same with subtitles at all. You interpret everything very differently. You can pick up the sound of the voice through the French, but it's still very different. I would have rather watched the old black and white version because it was in English. I think I would have understood it a little better. Reading Cyrano de Bergerac was very helpful when we watched the movies. When I read it by myself to catch up I was very confused because it was hard to make the transition of who was talking. When we read it in class and different people played different parts it was much easier to follow along. The different voices helped in the transition of who was talking. It was also a little difficult sometimes because sometimes something would n ...

Invention of Credit Cards

Invention of Credit Cards What is credit? And what is a credit card? Credit is a method of selling goods or services without the buyer having cash in hand. So a credit card is simply an automatic way of offering credit to a consumer. Today, every credit card carries an identification number that speeds up shopping transactions. Imagine what a credit purchase would be like without it.  The sales person would have to record your identity, billing address and terms of repayment. According to Encyclopedia Britannica, the use of credit cards originated in the United States during the 1920s, when individual firms, such as oil companies and hotel chains, began issuing them to customers. However, references to credit cards have been made as far back as 1890 in Europe. Early credit cards involved sales directly between the merchant offering the credit and credit card and that merchants customer. Around 1938, companies started to accept each others cards. Today, credit cards allow you to make purchases with countless third parties. The Shape of Credit Cards Credit cards were not always been made of plastic. Throughout history, there have been credit tokens made from metal coins, metal plates, and celluloid, metal, fiber, paper and now mostly plastic cards. First Bank Credit Card The inventor of the first bank issued credit card was John Biggins of the Flatbush National Bank of Brooklyn in New York. In 1946, Biggins invented the Charge-It program between bank customers and local merchants. The way it worked was that merchants could deposit sales slips into the bank and the bank billed the customer who used the card. Diners Club Credit Card In 1950, the Diners Club issued their credit card in the United States. The Diners Club credit card was invented by Diners  Club founder Frank McNamara as a way to pay restaurant bills. A customer could eat without cash at any restaurant that would accept Diners Club credit cards. Diners Club would pay the restaurant and the credit card holder would repay Diners Club. The Diners Club card was at first technically a charge card rather than a credit card since the customer had to repay the entire amount when billed by Diners  Club. American Express issued their first credit card in 1958. Bank of America issued the BankAmericard (now Visa) bank credit card later in 1958. The Popularity of Credit Cards Credit cards were first promoted to traveling salesmen (they were more common in that era) for use on the road. By the early 1960s, more companies offered credit cards by advertising them as a time-saving device rather than a form of credit. American Express and MasterCard became huge successes overnight. By the mid-70s, the U.S. Congress begin regulating the credit card industry by banning practices such as the mass mailing of active credit cards to those who had not requested them. However, not all regulations have been as consumer friendly. In 1996, the U.S. Supreme Court in case Smiley vs. Citibank lifted restrictions on the number of late penalty fees a credit card company could charge. Deregulation has also allowed very high-interest rates to be charged.

Global Financial Stability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Global Financial Stability - Essay Example When the FED raises interest rates the value of the dollar tends to go up. â€Å"An increase in the foreign exchange value of the dollar, in turn, would raise the price in foreign cur ­rency of U.S. goods traded on world markets and lower the dollar price of goods imported into the United States† (Federalreserve) The growth of the U.S banking industry oversees has been significant since the 1950’s. In 1950 there were seven U.S. banks operating oversees with 126 branches; by 1976 the U.S. had 731 branches abroad (Fieleke). In 1978 the value of the total assets of U.S. banks oversee had reach $306 billion which is nearly 100 times higher than its asset balance 20 years earlier. U.S. banks were motivated to expand oversees because the international branches had a higher return on investment than the domestic bank branches. The U.S. banks that operated oversees were able to steal market share from the local banks due to their superior marketing expertise. The balance of p ayments records and tracks all the financial transaction made by consumers, government, and the business community with other nations. It measures the amount of imports that entered the United States territory. The biggest imported of goods in the world is the United States. The reason for this phenomenon is the high gross domestic product per capita of the people and the consumerism culture of American citizens. The United States has taken advantage of its banking industry to generate money oversees. The U.S has also used its power and economic resources to lend money to other countries to help in their development process. The U.S has used its banking industry as a tool to improve its diplomatic relations with many countries. For instance the U.S. controls Panama and the channel since they have provided a lot of the money used for expanding the canal which is extremely important for the trading activity between North and South America. The FDIC was created in 1933 and at the time it guaranteed the client’s money up to $2500. Today the FDIC guarantees deposits up to $250,000. The FDIC insurance was very instrumental in the growth of the banking industry during the past 50 years. Foreigners felt a greater level of security depositing their money in U.S banks because their local banks could not offer the types of guarantees in their deposits that the U.S. banks could due to their FDIC insurance protocol. In the 1980’s approximately 20% of the deposits of U.S. banks came from its international branches. During this decade there were inflationary forces in the U.S economy. At the time the government created The Emergency Credit Control Act which gave the Federal Reserve virtually unlimited powers to alter the nature of financial services available in the economy during emergency periods (Hester). The Reagan Administration did a bad job of controlling interest rates, but his tax cut initiatives during the early part of the 1980’s helped apprec iate the value of the U.S. Dollar in international markets. A lot of restructuring of banks occurred during this era. The United States during the 20th century was the biggest international player in the banking industry. The country’s banking sector aggressively expanding into the foreign territory to take advantage of foreign

Cadbury Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cadbury - Essay Example It is interesting to note that the Cadbury family were Quakers (The Story of Cadbury, n.d); as Quakers, it was their job to carry out reforms to bring positive changes to the social and industrial life of society. The Cadbury family even tried to eliminate poverty and deprivation; John Cadbury actually introduced chocolate and related products to act as substitutes for alcohol since he believed alcohol was the main cause of poverty in the lower classes of society (The Story of Cadbury, n.d). More of the Cadburys dedication towards improving life for others can be seen in the way in 1893 120 acres of land were bought by them near the Bourneville factory, to house the workers (The Story, n.d), and from the way they were producing chocolates on a large scale and thus affordable for everyone and not just limiting it to the elite classes (The Story, n.d). The Cadburys even encouraged their customers to interact with them and their production process by setting up tours of the factory in 1 988 (The Story, n.d). In my opinion, this kind of humanistic attitude should be there in managing businesses; customers are the only reason why businesses can sell their products and make profits, and it only makes sense that the customers should be paid attention to and taken care of. I especially liked how the factory tours were set up which would allow the customers to witness the production process themselves and even feel part of and connected to the business on a personal level. The Cadbury family had created a favorable public image of themselves and their chocolate business, and this image has been maintained throughout the years into today. In my opinion, a business is nothing without its consumers; businesses have to construct a favorable image of themselves in order to sell a product. For example, it has set up the Cadbury Cocoa Partnership and provide money to small cocoa farms in Ghana, India, Indonesia and the Caribbean (The Story, n.d); this money is used

Why are UFOs still Mystery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Why are UFOs still Mystery - Essay Example When people see lights moving in a way that suggests something other than an airplane, the intriguing prospect that something extraterrestrial is up there moves us to create in our minds the possibility of space ships and alien beings. Of course not all strange lights in the sky can be attributed to space ships. Weather balloons and aircraft have been mistaken for UFOs. â€Å"An unidentified flying object was spotted in Barron County about a month ago. But was it something extra-terrestrial or can a weather tool give us the answer? Scott Doering, a meteorologist with the National Weather Service says it's possible the UFO could have been a weather balloon.†1 Poor reporting, government cover-ups, conspiracies and faulty eye witness accounts are also fuel for the fire surrounding UFOs; and television and film have increased our speculation and fascination about UFOs. It may also simply be that flying saucers don’t exist, being figments of our imagination or they could be stories created to obscure real life military secrets. Inconsistent records from eye witnesses could account for one reason why people do not believe in UFOs. When an object is seen by several people travelling at high speed, it’s likely that there will be different interpretations of the event. Another theory that discredits the existence of UFOs is a government cover-up. Perhaps we have been visited by aliens and the government, fearful about public reaction, obfuscates the truth. Yet another theory is that the military is in fact using UFO stories to hide new technologies and highly classified secret aircraft. â€Å"Area 51, also known as Groom Lake, is a secret military facility about 90 miles north of Las Vegas. The number refers to a 6-by-10-mile block of land, at the center of which is a large air base the government will not discuss†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 2 There is undoubtedly life in other parts of the galaxy and the Universe. We would be arrogant to assume that one tiny pla net in the vast network of stars could be the only one to contain life. The question is whether or not other beings have the ability to travel here. Given the distance between stars and the amount of time it would take to travel between them, even at the speed of light, it would seem unlikely that voyage would be possible. â€Å"Chemical-based rockets get terrible fuel efficiency, achieving very little thrust per kilogram of propellant used, and their exhaust velocity can’t exceed 5,000 meters per second. Using these tools, Lozano adds, it would take at least nine months to get to Mars...†3 Or would it? We have a limited view based on our experience. Space travel for human beings has only been in place for the past 50 years, and we’ve only travelled as far as the moon. Probes such as Voyager have certainly exited our solar system, but their slow speed means that data returned to us takes years. Based on what we know, flying to another planet is impossible. Yet, reports of UFOs persist. Sightings could be attributed to dreams or hallucinations, but there have been reports from credible sources such as the military and police where sightings have been distinct and over prolonged periods of time. In a â€Å"Summary Report on Observations 30-31 March 1990† from the Belgium Air Force, W. de Brouwer Kol Vl SBH stated â€Å"†¦the head of the police of WAVRE had alerted 4 other police stations in the area. All four, separated +- 10 NM from each other, confirmed the visual observations [of unidentified flying objects].†4 This particular sighting came during a period where both average citizens and the military also viewed these craft. When members of a police department or military report sighting

Spoken language versus written language

Spoken language versus written language Spoken vs. written language Not so long time ago, the written language played much bigger role in second language learners life than the spoken language. According to Brown (2000) Today the importance of teaching the spoken language is universally acknowledged (p. 1). For example, many scientists state that people should learn speaking and listening, as well as writting and reading; furthermore, learners should spend more energy on listening. Thus generally one can claim it is more difficult to learn how to understand the spoken language than the written. First of all, during listening, learners cannot focus on one section as they would do in a reading task. Listeners do not have opportunity to read back, if they misunderstand an expression or forget the beginning of the text. Furthermore, according to Ridgway (2000) they do not have the possibility for looking a word up in the dictionary, or guessing the meaning of a word from its context (p. 3.), like they do it in a reading exercise. Secondly, during listening learners depend on the style of the text and on the listening environment more than in the case of reading. As Field (2000) points out, a listener, who has difficulties in identifying words in connected speech(p. 2.), can also have problems with different dialects, and the style and the speed of the text he or she listens to, because native speakers speak only clearly enough to make themselves understood in a particular context (Brown, 1990, p. 2.). Furthermore, listeners can be confused by the noisy, annoying environment, for example, during a conversation on the street or a crowded restaurant, while these conditions do not appear in a written text. Thirdly, during a listening exercise, the motivation of learners is always lower, because these kinds of tasks scare listeners, adding, that in reading they are braver, because of the advantages which are mentioned at the second paragraph. So to become a good listener, the most important aim is to find the faith in ones ability to apply a listening readiness (Field, 2000, p. 1.), because after this momentous step, a text will not cause so much fear. Furthermore, listeners should be able to determine the complexity of the given tasks, because then they can choose the appropriate level for themselves, so they will probably not fail and their self-confidence will improve. However, according to Ridgway (2000), grading texts is problematic (p. 3.), so it can be another serious controversy. Finally, practising listening is more difficult than reading. For instance, it is not easy to learn listening skills, because as Brown (1990) says, the students are not receiving any help in learning (p. 3.) ,but they have to realise alone how to set up the process of listening and improve their facilities. Moreover, learners abilities to listening are not similar to everyone, so the ways of practice should be different from each other. For example, even in a class, which is few in number, the teacher should prove at least four different ways of learning listening, but unfortunatelly it is not possible. It follows that learners have to find the best way independently. In conclusion, learning and listening to the spoken language is more difficult, than learning the written language, because listeners cannot focus on one section; they are dependent on the style of the speech and the listening environment; they are threatened, if they get a task at higher level; and they need different ways to practise and more help from teachers. References: Brown, G. (1990). Listening to spoken English. London, England: Longman. Field, J. (2000). Not waving but drowning: a reply to Tony Ridgway. ELT Journal Volume 54/2 Ridgway, T. (2000). Listening strategies- I beg your pardon? ELT Journal Volume 54/2

Ben Jonsons On My First Sonne Essay -- Poem Ben Jonson First Sonne Es

Ben Jonson's On My First Sonne Ben Jonson writes On My First Sonne from a father’s point of view grieving over the death of his very young son. The title alone suggests which time period this poem is from i.e. it is from the 17th century (1603)- when the poet’s son Benjamin died- through the use of language of the time. This poem has been written in memory of a seven year old child whose death has dealt a great blow to a father. Throughout the poem, the use of religious comparisons and words creates a vivid picture of the thoughts running in the mind of Ben Jonson and we know almost exactly what he feels. The inter-relation of father and son in this piece of poetry leads us back to the beginning of the poem. The son, sitting on the right hand of his father, would remind a Christian reader of the Creed, in which the Son 'sitteth at the right hand of God the Father Almighty; From thence he shall come to judge the quick and the dead.' What others would interpret from the line-â€Å"Farewell, thou child of my right hand, and joy;† is that a father is bidding farewell to his most loved one and his heir. Again in line 2, when the poet says â€Å"My sinne was too much hope of thee, lov’d boy†, the poem suggests that Ben had taken his son much for granted as if now he possessed him and so loved him too much. It is ironical as he is comparing the love towards his son as a sin. As mentioned, he now considered that, love, his â€Å"sin† which has a deep meaning from a religious point of view. A sin, in the eye of GOD is a bad deed but in this case means a mistake or an error. The language used, hence in relation with religion, exclaims Ben Jonson’s sorrow and love for the child; despite the fact that he is in a way happy ... ...es of the poem. Contrastingly, in Refugee Mother and Child, the mother still showed her love and affection towards the child in the last few days. She cannot let go as easily. Most mothers would in this situation have lost hope and would have â€Å"ceased / to care†¦Ã¢â‚¬  but not her. She would ‘fight’ this sorrow till the end. Both poems hence clearly depict the true feelings about the death of a child. We get the perspective from two points of view in either case i.e. from a mother’s and a father’s point of view and the feeling before and after the death of a child. The language used is very specific and has been used in the most appropriate contexts. Sorrow and remorse are the main themes of both poems along with death of a child, yet there is another shadow of a theme i.e. the ‘sin’ of loving the child so much which causes almost endless grief in the end.

Gandhian Model of Development

Gandhian model of development was emphasized by the Janata Party. The model emphasized the rapid development of agriculture and small industries. Village and small industries were emphasized from the point of view of production as well as employment. The model necessitated the following changes in the pattern of planning : (i) Employment-oriented planning to replace production-oriented planning : Nehru model by over-empathizing a capital-intensive pattern of development failed to generate enough employment. But unemployment and under-employment are at the root of the problems of poverty and inequality.There is a strong need to demarcate areas with high employment potential and investment should be directed in such areas so that the pattern of investment becomes employment-orated and the economy increases its absorptive capacity of labour. (ii) Emphasis on development of agriculture as a means of enlarging employment : Char an Singh, an ardent advocate of the Gandhian model brought ou t the hard reality that while in India only 39 workers were employed per 100 acres in 1971, in Japan, South Korea and Egypt, the number of workers employed per 100 acres ranged between 87 and 71.In case, intensive cultivation is done, India can enlarge employment by 50 to 60 million in agriculture alone. It is, therefore, necessary that agricultural development be taken as the foundation of the development process. The experience of the development in the states of Punjab and Haryana also corroborates the view that these states were able to achieve high growth rates via agricultural development and thus bring about a sharp reduction of population below the poverty lien as well as unemployment. (iii) Emphasis on small industries as against large industries :The Gandhian model emphasised that â€Å"no medium or large-scale enterprise shall be allowed to come into existence in future which will produce goods or services that cottage or small-scale enterprises can produce. † The main aim of following this path was to enlarge employment, have a decentralsied pattern of production which would ensure reduction in regional disparities in income and wealth. (iv) Heavy and basic industries to be developed by the public sector : The Gandhian model did recognise the need for the development of heavy and basic industries and assigned this role for the public sector.Gandhian model intended to tackle the problem of distribution of income at the production end and not at the level of consumption of fiscal measures. It did emphasize employment as the principal means of providing national minimum and removal of poverty . Rao-Man Mohan Model of Development Rao-Man Mohan Model of Development was introduced in 1991. It emphasised privatisation and globalisation of the economy. 1) Firstly, areas hitherto reserved fro the public sector were to be opened to the private sector.Although the government failed to transfer the ownership of public sector undertakings to the private sector in view of the strong opposition by the workers and left parities, it did liberate the economy and opened areas of heavy industry and economic infrastructure to the private sector – both domestic and foreign. 2)Secondly, the government abolished licensing in all industries except a small list of 10 industries. In other words, it removed bureaucratic shackles on investment. 3)Thirdly, it free the MRTP companies from the ceiling on assets.This implied that even big business, was allowed to invest without any ceiling being prescribed by the Monopoly and Restrictive Trade Practices (MRTP) Commission. Obviously, considerations of growth dominates more with the government than those of monopoly control. 4)Fourthly, foreign direct investment was facilitated. Automatic approvals for direct foreign investment upto 51 per cent in high priority areas were granted. Government was even prepared to consider proposals involving more than 51 per cent equity on a case-by-case basis. )F ifthly, performance of the public sector undertakings was to be improved by granting them greater autonomy. For this the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) was devised and PSUs managements and boards were made more professional. 6)Lastly, to globalise the economy the government followed a policy of reducing import barriers and also one of encouraging export promotion. Such a course would facilitate the free flow of foreign capital and technology and thus help to modernise our economy.Rao-Manmohan Model of development has also been the subject of criticism. The main points of criticism are : i) The model was by passed agriculture and agro-based industries which are the major sources of employment generation. (ii) The model has a very narrow focus since it emphasises the corporate sector growth which accounts for only 10 per cent of GDP. 1. (iii) Although in the Industrial Policy of 1991, Multinational Corporation (MNCs) were to be permitted in high priority areas, the government has b een indiscriminately permitting them even in consumer goods industries. Need it be emphasised that MNCs follow a highly capital intensive pattern of production and have thus restricted the growth of employment. iv) MNCs after entry in various joint venture raise their equity to 51 per cent level or even more and thus push out the Indian partners.This has led to the Indian industry asking for protection against the onslaught of multinationals. MNCs after entry in various joint ventures raise their equity to 51 per cent level or even more and thus push out the Indian partner. This has led to the Indian industry asking for protection against the onslaught of multinationals. To sum up, Rao-Manmohan model has succeeded on growth by raising GDP growth rate to more than 6 per cent level, but it has failed on equity, employment and poverty removal.

ESPN

Company Culture and Environment When employees arrive to work at their Bristol, Connecticut Headquarters, they are greeted only by a small, unassuming sign that says, â€Å"Welcome to ESPN. † In a calculated and understated way, this sign is representative of the culture that pervades throughout the organization. Simply stated, ESPN, the company is about the fans and the sports, not ESPN. This statement offers a preview of sorts to a culture at ESPN that truly goes the extra mile in emphasizing customer satisfaction by offering its programming thru state-of the art program offerings thru multiple channels.A brand promise sums up the essence and meaning of a brand and how the brand connects to its consumers. ESPN’s promise of delivering â€Å"Sports, with Authority and Personality,† clearly outlines what they do, how they do it and what differentiates them from their competition. With respect to Sports, ESPN connects to its fans through many platforms, including m ultiple television and radio programs, internet applications including television online, restaurants, and numerous mobile applications.In doing so ESPN strives to consistently deliver unmatched quality that is strengthened by leadership and innovation. As an Authority in sports programming, ESPN emphasizes integrity, authenticity and expertise that is unparalleled in the industry. Regarding Personality, ESPN emphasizes throughout its organization, the effective use of humor, passion and community by expressing their affinity for its fans regardless of origin.While the brand promise of ESPN is certainly evident throughout all of its programming through all of its delivery channels, it is its hiring practices that appear to give the most obvious credence to the company living up to this promise. From its inception ESPN maintained a policy of hiring employees that were/are first and foremost sports fanatics. ESPN saw sees this as a critical factor in having its employees display the l evel of enthusiasm and knowledge that it wanted to promote and display its brand promise.They also see this as an equalizer of sorts whereby everyone who views ESPN, regardless of race, color education could relate with one another. Anthony Smith, a management consultant who has worked with ESPN for over 20 years and author of ESPN; The Company, sums up the environment and culture at ESPN best when he wrote; â€Å"I can think of few other companies that do as good a job of creating an atmosphere of fun and excitement for its people and its customers – maybe Southwest Airlines in the airline industry, Starbucks in the consumer goods space, or Apple and Google in high-tech.But it’s hard to surpass ESPN. † (Smith, P. xxiii, ESPN; The Company. ) This information, combined with information gathered through direct conversations with ESPN Marketing employees would strongly indicate that ESPN has done an outstanding job of entrenching its brand promise both internally a mongst its work-force and externally through its broadly scoped programming. From an internal branding perspective ESPN appears to have achieved what all companies strive for; to entrench its vision and culture that pervades throughout everything it does. Espn COMPANY Case ESPN: The Evolution of an Entertainment Brand In the 2004 movie Anchorman character Ron Burgundy ( Will Ferrell) auditions for a position on SportsCenter with the very new and lit-tle known network, ESPN ( Entertainment and Sports Programming Network). The year was 1979. After pronouncing the name of the network â€Å" Espen,† he then is shocked to find out that ESPN is a round- the- clock sports network. Through his laughter, he asserts that the concept is as ridiculous as a 24- hour cooking network or an all- music channel. â€Å" Seriously,† he shouts. This thing is going to be a financial and cultural disaster. SportsCenter . . . that’s just dumb! † While this comical sketch is fictitious, when a young college graduate named George Bodenheimer took a job in the mailroom at ESPN it 1981, it was for real. Today, Mr. Bodenheimer is president of the network that has become one of the biggest franchises in sports, not to mention one of the most successful and envied brands in the entertainment world. As a cable network, ESPN commands $ 2. 91 from cable operators for each subscriber every month. Compare that to $ 1. 7 for Fox Sports, 89 cents for TNT, and only 40 cents for CNN. The core ESPN channel alone is currently in more than 96 million homes. With that kind of premium power, it’s no wonder that ESPN shocked the world in 2006 by becoming the first cable network to land the coveted TV contract for Monday Night Football, which went on to become the highest rated cable series ever. But even with its three sibling channels ( ESPN2, ESPNEWS, and ESPN Classic), the ESPN cable network is only one piece of a bigger brand puzzle that has become Bodenheimer’s $ 6 billion sports empire.Through very savvy strategic planning, Bodenheimer is realizing his vision of taking quality sports content across the widest possible collection of media assets to reach sports fans wherever they may be. Employing a hands- off manage ment style, Bodenheimer has cultivated a brand that is brash, tech savvy, cre-ative, and innovative. He tells employees that ESPN belongs to all of them. He gives them the freedom to come up with their own ideas and push them forward. His only rule is that every new ideaand push them forward.His only rule is that every new idea must focus on fulfilling ESPN’s mission of reaching sports fans and making them happy. In the process, ESPN has become as recog-nized and revered by its customers as other megabrands such as Tide, Nike, and Coca- Cola are to theirs. Bodenheimer’s career- spanning dedication has grown ESPN to well over 50 businesses. The all- sports network has become a truly multiplatform brand, a rarity for any TV network. This growth has given ESPN tremendous reach. ESPN. com alone reaches 22. 4 million viewers a week.But even more stunning is the fact that during any seven- day period, 120 million people ages 12 to 64 interact with some ESPN medium. Here†™s a rundown of ESPN’s portfolio of brands: Television: ESPN has sprawled into six cable channels and other TV divisions that give it both a local ( ESPN Regional Television) and global ( ESPN International and ESPN Deportes) presence. It was one of the first networks to break new ground in HDTV with simulcast service for ESPN and ESPN2 and it still maintains the most HD programming content and highest level of HD viewership in sports.Cable operators and viewers alike consistently rank ESPN, ESPN2 and ESPN Classic above all other channels with respect to perceived value and programming quality. But perhaps one of the most innovative moves in all of tel-evision sports occurred in 2003, when ESPN content was inte-grated into its sibling network ABC. ESPN on ABC is now the home for the NBA Finals, NASCAR, NCAA football, NCAA bas-ketball, World Cup Soccer, British Open, and the IndyCar Series. Although ESPN has numerous cable channel brands, one program stands out as a brand in its own right. SportsCenter was ESPN’s first program.And with as many as 93 million view-ers each month, it remains the network’s flagship studio show. SportsCenter is the only nightly, full- hour sports news program. And whereas, in the past, ESPN has rebroadcast taped episodes of SportsCenter during the day, a new schedule incorporating nine straight hours of live SportsCenter everyday from 6 a. m. to 3 p. m. will begin in the fall of 2008. Outside the United States, ESPN airs 14 local versions of SportsCenter broadcast in eight languages. Radio: Whereas many radio formats are suffering, sports radio is thriving.And ESPN Radio is the nation’s largest sports radio network with 750 U. S. affiliates and more than 335 full- time stations. In addition to college and major league sports events, the network broadcasts syndicated sports talk shows, providing more than 9,000 hours of content annually. Publishing: ESPN The Magazine launched in 1998 and immedi-ately beg an carving out market share with its bold look, bright col-ors, and unconventional type, a combination consistent with its content. With the dominance of Sports Illustrated, many didn’t give ESPN’s magazine enture much of a chance. Within its first year, ESPN The Magazine was circulating 800,000 copies. Today, that number has ballooned two- and- a- half times to 2 million, whereas Sports Illustrated has remained at a stagnant 3. 3 million. At the same time, ESPN is making headway into one of the oldest of all media: books. Although ESPN Books is still waiting for a megaseller, because of the cross- marketing opportunities with the other arms of ESPN, this small division has consider-able marketing clout in a struggling industry. If they didn’t have the TV stuff and everything else, they’d be as hard-pressed as other publishers to make these books into major events,† said Rick Wolff, executive editor at Warner Books. Internet: ESPN. com is the leadin g sports Web site, and ESPNRadio. com is the most listened to online sports destination, boasting live streaming and 32 original podcasts each week. But the rising star in ESPN’s online portfolio is ESPN360. com, a subscription- based broadband offering that delivers high-quality, customized, on- demand video content.Not only can fans access content carried on ESPN’s other networks, but they also get exclusive content and sports video games. For the true sports fan, there’s nothing like it— it allows viewers to watch up to six different events at the same time choosing from live events for all major professional and college sports. Since ESPN360. com began service in 2006, this broadband effort has doubled its distribution and now reaches 20 million homes. Beyond working through its own Web sites, ESPN is exploring the limits of the Internet through an open distribu-tion venture with AOL.By providing ESPN content via a branded ESPN video player in AOLâ₠¬â„¢s portal, viewers have more access to ESPN’s content. But advertisers also benefit from a larger online audience than ever before. Mobile: In 2005, ESPN ventured in to one of its trickiest and riskiest brand extensions to date. Mobile ESPN was designed as ESPN’s own cell phone network, putting content into sports fans’ pockets 24/ 7. But after a year, the venture was far from breaking even and ESPN shut it down. However, even though Mobile ESPN is down, it’s not out.ESPN has capitalized on the lessons learned and started over with a different strategy. Today, ESPN provides real- time scores, stats, news, highlights, and even programming through every major U. S. carrier, with premium content available through Verizon Wireless and Qualcomm. Mobile ESPN also reaches an international audience of mobile customers through more than 35 international carriers. ESPN’s mission with its mobile venture is to â€Å" serve the sports fan any time, anywhere , and from any device. In fall 2007, it reached a major milestone in that goal when more people sought NFL content from its mobile- phone Web site than from its PC Web site. â€Å" We’re having extraordinary growth on ESPN. com’s NFL pages, but we’re also seeing extraordinary usage with mobile devices as well,† said Ed Erhardt, president of ESPN Sports customer marketing and sales. Mr. Erhardt sees great potential in mobile, saying that it is â€Å" a big part of the future as it relates to how fans are going to consume sports. Bodehnheimer and his team see no limit to how far they can take the ESPN brand. In addition to the above ventures, ESPN extends its reach through event management ( X Games, Winter X Games, ESPN Outdoors & Bass), consumer products ( CDs, DVDs, ESPN Video Games, ESPN Golf Schools), and even a chain of ESPN Zone restaurants and SportsCenter Studio stores. ESPN content is now reaching viewers through agencies that place it in airport s and on planes, in health clubs, and even in gas stations. â€Å" Now you’re not going to be bored when you fill up your tank.It gives new meaning to pulling into a full- service station,† says Bodenheimer. â€Å" I’ve been on flights where people are watching our content and don’t want to get off the flight. † A powerful media brand results not only in direct revenues from selling products but also in advertising revenues. Advertising accounts for about 40 percent of ESPN’s overall revenues. With so many ways to reach the customer, ESPN offers very creative and flexible package deals for any marketer trying to reach the cov-eted and illusive 18– 34 year old male demographic. Nobody attracts more men than we do,† asserts Bodenheimer. â€Å" We’ve got a product and we know how to cater to advertisers’ needs. The merchandising opportunities we provide, whether it’s work-ing with Home Depot, Wal- Mart, or Dic k’s Sporting Goods, we want to partner if you want young men. † As amazing as the ESPN brand portfolio is, it is even more amazing when you consider that it is part of the mammoth ABC portfolio, which in turn is a part of The Walt Disney Company portfolio.However, it is no small piece of the Disney pie. ESPN revenues alone accounted for about 18 percent of Disney’s total in 2007. Since obtaining ESPN as part of the 1995 ABC acquisi-tion, because ESPN has delivered on the numbers, Disney has allowed ESPN to do pretty much whatever it wants to do. Just a few years after the acquisition, Disney’s then- CEO Michael Eisner told investors, â€Å" We bought ABC media network and ESPN for $ 19 billion in 1995. ESPN is worth substantially more than we paid for the entire acquisition. And Disney leverages that value every way that it can, from Mouse House advertising package deals to conditionally attaching its cable channels to the ESPN networks through cable oper ators. Questions for Discussion 1. In a succinct manner, describe what the ESPN brand means to consumers. 2. What is ESPN selling? Discuss this in terms of the core bene-fit, actual product, and augmented product levels of ESPN. 3. Does ESPN have strong brand equity? How does its brand equity relate to its brand value? . Cite as many examples as you can of co- branding efforts involving the ESPN brand. For each of these cases, what are the benefits and possible risks to ESPN? 5. Analyze EPSN according to the brand development strategies from the text. What have they done in the past? What would you recommend to ESPN for future brand development? Sources: Alice Cuneo, â€Å" More Football Fans Hit ESPN’s Mobile Site Than Its PC Pages,† Advertising Age, January 7, 2008, p. 7; Mike Shields, â€Å" ESPN, AOL Strike Web Video Deal,† Brandweek, April 8, 2008, accessed online at www. brandweek. com; Andrew Hampp, â€Å" ESPN Makes Jump to Major League,† Advertis ing Age, May 14, 2007, p. 32; Ronald Grover, â€Å" Comcast’s C- TV: Channeling Disney,† BusinessWeek. com, December 1, 2006; Jeffrey Trachtenberg, â€Å" ESPN’s Next Hurdle: Selling Its Audience on Books,† Wall Street Journal, February 13, 2007; Jason Brown, â€Å" Out- of- Home TV Ads Finally Coming of Age,† Television Week, January 28, 2008, p. 12; also see www. espnmediazone. com. Espn COMPANY Case ESPN: The Evolution of an Entertainment Brand In the 2004 movie Anchorman character Ron Burgundy ( Will Ferrell) auditions for a position on SportsCenter with the very new and lit-tle known network, ESPN ( Entertainment and Sports Programming Network). The year was 1979. After pronouncing the name of the network â€Å" Espen,† he then is shocked to find out that ESPN is a round- the- clock sports network. Through his laughter, he asserts that the concept is as ridiculous as a 24- hour cooking network or an all- music channel. â€Å" Seriously,† he shouts. This thing is going to be a financial and cultural disaster. SportsCenter . . . that’s just dumb! † While this comical sketch is fictitious, when a young college graduate named George Bodenheimer took a job in the mailroom at ESPN it 1981, it was for real. Today, Mr. Bodenheimer is president of the network that has become one of the biggest franchises in sports, not to mention one of the most successful and envied brands in the entertainment world. As a cable network, ESPN commands $ 2. 91 from cable operators for each subscriber every month. Compare that to $ 1. 7 for Fox Sports, 89 cents for TNT, and only 40 cents for CNN. The core ESPN channel alone is currently in more than 96 million homes. With that kind of premium power, it’s no wonder that ESPN shocked the world in 2006 by becoming the first cable network to land the coveted TV contract for Monday Night Football, which went on to become the highest rated cable series ever. But even with its three sibling channels ( ESPN2, ESPNEWS, and ESPN Classic), the ESPN cable network is only one piece of a bigger brand puzzle that has become Bodenheimer’s $ 6 billion sports empire.Through very savvy strategic planning, Bodenheimer is realizing his vision of taking quality sports content across the widest possible collection of media assets to reach sports fans wherever they may be. Employing a hands- off manage ment style, Bodenheimer has cultivated a brand that is brash, tech savvy, cre-ative, and innovative. He tells employees that ESPN belongs to all of them. He gives them the freedom to come up with their own ideas and push them forward. His only rule is that every new ideaand push them forward.His only rule is that every new idea must focus on fulfilling ESPN’s mission of reaching sports fans and making them happy. In the process, ESPN has become as recog-nized and revered by its customers as other megabrands such as Tide, Nike, and Coca- Cola are to theirs. Bodenheimer’s career- spanning dedication has grown ESPN to well over 50 businesses. The all- sports network has become a truly multiplatform brand, a rarity for any TV network. This growth has given ESPN tremendous reach. ESPN. com alone reaches 22. 4 million viewers a week.But even more stunning is the fact that during any seven- day period, 120 million people ages 12 to 64 interact with some ESPN medium. Here†™s a rundown of ESPN’s portfolio of brands: Television: ESPN has sprawled into six cable channels and other TV divisions that give it both a local ( ESPN Regional Television) and global ( ESPN International and ESPN Deportes) presence. It was one of the first networks to break new ground in HDTV with simulcast service for ESPN and ESPN2 and it still maintains the most HD programming content and highest level of HD viewership in sports.Cable operators and viewers alike consistently rank ESPN, ESPN2 and ESPN Classic above all other channels with respect to perceived value and programming quality. But perhaps one of the most innovative moves in all of tel-evision sports occurred in 2003, when ESPN content was inte-grated into its sibling network ABC. ESPN on ABC is now the home for the NBA Finals, NASCAR, NCAA football, NCAA bas-ketball, World Cup Soccer, British Open, and the IndyCar Series. Although ESPN has numerous cable channel brands, one program stands out as a brand in its own right. SportsCenter was ESPN’s first program.And with as many as 93 million view-ers each month, it remains the network’s flagship studio show. SportsCenter is the only nightly, full- hour sports news program. And whereas, in the past, ESPN has rebroadcast taped episodes of SportsCenter during the day, a new schedule incorporating nine straight hours of live SportsCenter everyday from 6 a. m. to 3 p. m. will begin in the fall of 2008. Outside the United States, ESPN airs 14 local versions of SportsCenter broadcast in eight languages. Radio: Whereas many radio formats are suffering, sports radio is thriving.And ESPN Radio is the nation’s largest sports radio network with 750 U. S. affiliates and more than 335 full- time stations. In addition to college and major league sports events, the network broadcasts syndicated sports talk shows, providing more than 9,000 hours of content annually. Publishing: ESPN The Magazine launched in 1998 and immedi-ately beg an carving out market share with its bold look, bright col-ors, and unconventional type, a combination consistent with its content. With the dominance of Sports Illustrated, many didn’t give ESPN’s magazine enture much of a chance. Within its first year, ESPN The Magazine was circulating 800,000 copies. Today, that number has ballooned two- and- a- half times to 2 million, whereas Sports Illustrated has remained at a stagnant 3. 3 million. At the same time, ESPN is making headway into one of the oldest of all media: books. Although ESPN Books is still waiting for a megaseller, because of the cross- marketing opportunities with the other arms of ESPN, this small division has consider-able marketing clout in a struggling industry. If they didn’t have the TV stuff and everything else, they’d be as hard-pressed as other publishers to make these books into major events,† said Rick Wolff, executive editor at Warner Books. Internet: ESPN. com is the leadin g sports Web site, and ESPNRadio. com is the most listened to online sports destination, boasting live streaming and 32 original podcasts each week. But the rising star in ESPN’s online portfolio is ESPN360. com, a subscription- based broadband offering that delivers high-quality, customized, on- demand video content.Not only can fans access content carried on ESPN’s other networks, but they also get exclusive content and sports video games. For the true sports fan, there’s nothing like it— it allows viewers to watch up to six different events at the same time choosing from live events for all major professional and college sports. Since ESPN360. com began service in 2006, this broadband effort has doubled its distribution and now reaches 20 million homes. Beyond working through its own Web sites, ESPN is exploring the limits of the Internet through an open distribu-tion venture with AOL.By providing ESPN content via a branded ESPN video player in AOLâ₠¬â„¢s portal, viewers have more access to ESPN’s content. But advertisers also benefit from a larger online audience than ever before. Mobile: In 2005, ESPN ventured in to one of its trickiest and riskiest brand extensions to date. Mobile ESPN was designed as ESPN’s own cell phone network, putting content into sports fans’ pockets 24/ 7. But after a year, the venture was far from breaking even and ESPN shut it down. However, even though Mobile ESPN is down, it’s not out.ESPN has capitalized on the lessons learned and started over with a different strategy. Today, ESPN provides real- time scores, stats, news, highlights, and even programming through every major U. S. carrier, with premium content available through Verizon Wireless and Qualcomm. Mobile ESPN also reaches an international audience of mobile customers through more than 35 international carriers. ESPN’s mission with its mobile venture is to â€Å" serve the sports fan any time, anywhere , and from any device. In fall 2007, it reached a major milestone in that goal when more people sought NFL content from its mobile- phone Web site than from its PC Web site. â€Å" We’re having extraordinary growth on ESPN. com’s NFL pages, but we’re also seeing extraordinary usage with mobile devices as well,† said Ed Erhardt, president of ESPN Sports customer marketing and sales. Mr. Erhardt sees great potential in mobile, saying that it is â€Å" a big part of the future as it relates to how fans are going to consume sports. Bodehnheimer and his team see no limit to how far they can take the ESPN brand. In addition to the above ventures, ESPN extends its reach through event management ( X Games, Winter X Games, ESPN Outdoors & Bass), consumer products ( CDs, DVDs, ESPN Video Games, ESPN Golf Schools), and even a chain of ESPN Zone restaurants and SportsCenter Studio stores. ESPN content is now reaching viewers through agencies that place it in airport s and on planes, in health clubs, and even in gas stations. â€Å" Now you’re not going to be bored when you fill up your tank.It gives new meaning to pulling into a full- service station,† says Bodenheimer. â€Å" I’ve been on flights where people are watching our content and don’t want to get off the flight. † A powerful media brand results not only in direct revenues from selling products but also in advertising revenues. Advertising accounts for about 40 percent of ESPN’s overall revenues. With so many ways to reach the customer, ESPN offers very creative and flexible package deals for any marketer trying to reach the cov-eted and illusive 18– 34 year old male demographic. Nobody attracts more men than we do,† asserts Bodenheimer. â€Å" We’ve got a product and we know how to cater to advertisers’ needs. The merchandising opportunities we provide, whether it’s work-ing with Home Depot, Wal- Mart, or Dic k’s Sporting Goods, we want to partner if you want young men. † As amazing as the ESPN brand portfolio is, it is even more amazing when you consider that it is part of the mammoth ABC portfolio, which in turn is a part of The Walt Disney Company portfolio.However, it is no small piece of the Disney pie. ESPN revenues alone accounted for about 18 percent of Disney’s total in 2007. Since obtaining ESPN as part of the 1995 ABC acquisi-tion, because ESPN has delivered on the numbers, Disney has allowed ESPN to do pretty much whatever it wants to do. Just a few years after the acquisition, Disney’s then- CEO Michael Eisner told investors, â€Å" We bought ABC media network and ESPN for $ 19 billion in 1995. ESPN is worth substantially more than we paid for the entire acquisition. And Disney leverages that value every way that it can, from Mouse House advertising package deals to conditionally attaching its cable channels to the ESPN networks through cable oper ators. Questions for Discussion 1. In a succinct manner, describe what the ESPN brand means to consumers. 2. What is ESPN selling? Discuss this in terms of the core bene-fit, actual product, and augmented product levels of ESPN. 3. Does ESPN have strong brand equity? How does its brand equity relate to its brand value? . Cite as many examples as you can of co- branding efforts involving the ESPN brand. For each of these cases, what are the benefits and possible risks to ESPN? 5. Analyze EPSN according to the brand development strategies from the text. What have they done in the past? What would you recommend to ESPN for future brand development? Sources: Alice Cuneo, â€Å" More Football Fans Hit ESPN’s Mobile Site Than Its PC Pages,† Advertising Age, January 7, 2008, p. 7; Mike Shields, â€Å" ESPN, AOL Strike Web Video Deal,† Brandweek, April 8, 2008, accessed online at www. brandweek. com; Andrew Hampp, â€Å" ESPN Makes Jump to Major League,† Advertis ing Age, May 14, 2007, p. 32; Ronald Grover, â€Å" Comcast’s C- TV: Channeling Disney,† BusinessWeek. com, December 1, 2006; Jeffrey Trachtenberg, â€Å" ESPN’s Next Hurdle: Selling Its Audience on Books,† Wall Street Journal, February 13, 2007; Jason Brown, â€Å" Out- of- Home TV Ads Finally Coming of Age,† Television Week, January 28, 2008, p. 12; also see www. espnmediazone. com.